A standard method of analysing manifolds (n-surfaces or spaces) is to break them down into (i.e. tile them with) n-simplices and then study the "chains" of simplices thus created. I believe this approach is known as homology.
The classification of manifolds in this way has been accomplished in every dimension except 4. Some years ago I came across a result claiming that a handful of 4-manifolds remain unclassified, because they have some kind of inherent anomaly which is not definable in terms of its homology.
Can anybody point me towards some understanding of this?